The Shawl, by Cynthia Ozick :: The Shawl Essays

The short story, The Shawl, written by Cynthia Ozick, recounts World War II by providing a very vivid image of a compactness Camp in Nazi Germany. As one reads, he or she can see that Ozick does a wonderful job in portraying the sternly times of Jews during the Holocaust. In the first paragraph, we meet the central characters, Rosa, Stella, and Magda as they attempt to endure the fears of life in the Nazi Concentration Camp. Rosa and Stella, her niece, are marching music in a line to the camp with Rosas daughter, Magda, wrapped and hidden in a shawl from the German soldiers. Unfortunately, at the end, Stella takes Magdas shawl, and German soldiers putting to death Magda by throwing her into an electric fence. Throughout the story, Cynthia Ozick has used symbolism wish life, protection, and death to make the readers understand the thoughts and feelings of each character which makes the climax re anyy important and meaningful.A symbol is a sign or an object representing something abstract or invisible and more important or complex than the object itself. The author uses symbolism in this story to make the reader visualize the setting. The title, The Shawl, itself is a symbol in this story. Throughout the story, the shawl symbolizes the source of warmth and shelter for little Magda. In the story, Magda is depict as a squirrel in a nest, safe, no one could ever reach her inside the little house of the shawls windings (Ozick 251). The shawl always behaves as an sketch friend which helps Magda in all her needs and gives support and condolence in danger situations. We also see that the shawl is the reason which helps Magda to live longer than expected scorn of her poor health disorders in the Nazi Concentration Camp (Paul 2). As a result, we see that Stella give more important to the shawl, for she knows that it will provide her with all good things in bad conditions. For Magda, the shawl is more than just protection since she sees the shawl as her baby, her p et, and her little sister (Ozick 252). According to Tery Griffin, a famous American editor and essayist, the shawl entertains her like a friend when the wind blew its corners (Wilson 295). The shawl also represents sustenance, especially for Magda. Ozick describes it as a magic shawl that could feed a baby for three days and three nights (251).

Sphere :: essays research papers

SphereBrief Plot Summary The military discovers a spaceship at the bottom of the ocean. A team is sent down to investigate and gets stuck down there due to a storm on the surface. A sphere is discovered inside the ship, made by an alien species. People go into the sphere and it gives them the post to create things with their minds. They realize this power is too puissant and that mankind isnt ready for it. So they use this power to forget e precisething about the ship. Brief Character Description Norman Johnson-53-year-old psychology professor, the last select to be on the team because of his age. Hes always evaluating the mental stability of the team members.Harry Adams-A mathematician. The only black member, he thinks everyone is discriminating against him. He cracks the alien code.Beth Halpern-The team zoologist, due to bad experiences with men she doesnt trust them. Doesnt always think things through.ThemeThere are many very intelligent animals on our planet, but the thing th at sets ups apart from them is our ability to imagine thins. We can imagine something and then strive to accomplish it. We just dont realize how powerful or important that ability is.Last CommentsI was surprised at how much the author discussed complicated matters. He mentions space-time and how we could theoretically travel in time. He talks about the anthropomorphic problem of how we assume that aliens would have the same thought process as humans. He also talks a lot about psychology and the human mind.Question1) What kind of sea creature attacks the habitat? A giant squid2) What power did the sphere give to people? The ability to manifest things with their minds

An Overview of the Book of Colossians :: Religion, Paul

A letter from a prison for the deliverymanian freedomcapital of Minnesota writes a letter from a prison in Rome to the Christians of Colossae admonishing and encouraging them that Christ and his gospel will free them from the heretical human regulations being imposed on them. (Colossians 26-23) He assures them that Christ has freed them from debts of sins by canceling the record of all sins through death on the cross. (Colossians 214)The background of the Letter to the ColossiansColossae was a part of the Roman province of Asia Minor, which is now Turkey. When Paul was in a Roman prison, Epaphras, leader of the church in Colossae, came to Paul in Rome with news about the church of Colossae. Epaphras informed Paul that the Colossians were roiled by a new teaching that was contrary to the gospel which he had been preaching to them. Paul was sorry to hear about the new teaching that claimed a profound knowledge apart from Christ (Colossians 28), an emphasis on following prescribed rit uals (Colossians 216) and the worship of angels (Colossians 218). Colossians caught in the wind of handsome discoursesThe Christians of Colossae were in a crisis of faith. Their faith was swaying in the wind of gnostic theories that were spreading in the Roman Empire at that time. According to these theories, all come from a cosmic soup that had been boiling for ages with impressive celestial families of angels or eons, male and female, who devour each other, fuse into each other and finally imprison sparks of meat in material bodies. In this way people are manufactured who put on a series of successive existences. These kinds of theories affected the faith of the Colossians and went extraneous from Christ. Pauls teachings to the Colossians1) Supremacy of Christ Through his Letter Paul establishes the absolute supremacy of Christ. He points out how they can be led widely by the false preachers. He shows that angels or invisible powers are nothing compared with Christ. He is neit her agent nor intermediary of a creative adventure without a true creator. He states that Christ is the image of God and in him all things were created. (Colossians 115-16) 2) Christ is the fullness of knowledgePaul maintains that in Christ bingle can find the real knowledge, fullness, and completeness. Paul asserts that Christians have no need for human philosophy and wisdom to be complete since they are complete in Christ, in whom they have the divine wisdom of his gospel and the perfect, complete salvation.

Life or Death? - Original Writing :: Papers

Life or Death? - Original Writing That is the Question -------------------- What you say we treat ourselves to a wild night out, honey? At this time its only 9 oclock. Yeah, I mean later on, say 10 oclock. Yeah sure, why not, at least that way I can show you what Im made of. Alright, yeah sure. You go and get ready knowing beautiful girls like you stockpile years to get ready. Shhhhh. Hannah hurries off to get ready with her body full of energy and excitement, while her fianc Ed has a feeling of fear going done his nerves and tries to sit down and relieve this fear. Ed thought of something his closest friend used to ask him when he was a young boy. What is your deepest fear Ed? Ed was very young and he neer had a chance to answer his questions as his inner self was perplexed with different thoughts, but none of these thoughts could group together to give him an answer of what his deepest fear really was and it was too late for him to gather an answer before his friend had passed away. Still today Ed still has nerve shocks where his conscience asks him what his deepest fear was and what is it today. Why cant I figure the answer out? he asks himself. What is my deepest fear? Wait, I compute I got it? Ed, are you speaking to yourself. Hannah bellows from the bathroom. No, honey Im just singing that song me and you adore. He replied embarrassedly. Im ready, Ed, what do you hark back? Honestly, do really want my opinion. Yessss, hurry. You look stunning sweetheart. Really, thanks. Wait, Ive been waiting to say this to you Hannah, I want to say, that I love you. Awwww, I love you too, mutters Hannah Hannah never really used believe Ed, but she didnt want Ed to feel that his heart didnt mean anything to Hannah.

Participant Observation Essay -- participant-observer

Participant Observation Participant Observation is the study of a culture or society usually carried out by living for an broaden period of time with its members. The participant-observer takes part in everyday life and carefully records such things as behaviour, events and conversations, in order to obtain a fully move picture of beliefs, social groupings and customs. There are two different forms of Participant Observation Overt observation is when the subjects are aware they are being detect and allow the observer in to their lives, this is often the most criticised form due to bias, Covert observation is when the subjects are not aware they are being discovered and therefore the process has to remain secret to remain relevant. The main benefit of Participant Observation as a means of research is the deeper experience and incursion of the activities and customs of particular societies that the observer gains. They become immersed into a particula r culture and surroundings in an effort to gain a greater understa...

Participant Observation Essay -- participant-observer

Participant Observation Participant Observation is the study of a culture or society ordinarily carried out by living for an extended period of time with its members. The participant-observer takes part in everyday life and cargonfully records such things as behaviour, events and conversations, in rule to obtain a fully rounded picture of beliefs, social groupings and customs. There are two different forms of Participant Observation Overt observation is when the subjects are aware they are being observed and allow the observer in to their lives, this is often the most criticised form due to bias, Covert observation is when the subjects are not aware they are being observed and therefore the process has to remain secret to remain relevant. The main benefit of Participant Observation as a means of research is the deeper experience and insight of the activities and customs of particular societies that the observer upgrades. They become immersed into a pa rticular culture and surroundings in an effort to gain a greater understa...

Religious Revival of the 1950s Essay

After Americans endured two decades of continuous depression, war and crisis through the 1930s and 40s, they sought a return to normalcy and longed to focus on the more private details of existence. Instead of national objectives, the unrestricted concentrated on family, home, and career, while becoming more and more absorbed in godliness.As the 1950s saw America in a state of national exhaustion, religion-in-general experienced a surge in popularity. more critical views were silenced or ignored as people became more accepting of a wide variety of beliefs. While the revival was unexpected and unstructured, several(prenominal) events fueled the front man.World War II left the country weary and drained. During the four seemingly-endless years of conflict, almost all churches had rallied behind the war swither. Post-war America a burst in prosperity, and with this support, churches expanded. perform attendance soared while their purpose and goals shifted. As all denominations gai ned a more powerful voice, they used it to increase their role in society. In 1950, several of the oldest Protestant denominations formed the National Council of Churches in order to improve relations with the government, encourage interchurch connections, and promote projects such as account disk translation.1 This organization also helped to do away with the harsh attitudes and antagonism aimed at Catholicism after the war. Toleration and acceptance seemed to be the key to deepened communication amongst both church and state as well and Protestants and Catholics.Following World War II, an era kn give birth as the Cold War shook American faith in the possibility of a peaceful nation. A war with the Soviet Union looming overhead, the threat of a communist takeover, and the potential for nuclear fortuity sent Americans rushing to churches in part to find a sense of stability and security. Survey data shows that Church attendance reached an all-time high 49% of the American popula tion in the mid-1950s2 while nearly 96% claimed ties to some religious affiliation or an early(a).3 Religion helped them cope with the uncertainty of having to live one of two opposing ways of life a poverty-stricken, war torn country, or a thriving, peaceful nationwith an economy to support their growing families. at a lower place the surface of mainstream optimism due to the booming economy, Americas crises with other countries instilled a sense of urgency concerning salvation. Moral values became somewhat self-indulgent, and self-absorption became characteristic of the religious movement, explaining in part the lack of conflict due to varying beliefs.While foreign affairs helped to shape religion in the 1950s, it was perhaps the more informal networks that anchored public interest and in turn became more influential.A small organization called the National Association of Evangelicals, founded in 1942, united several theological groups in an effort to spread the message of the go spels. They promoted such campaigns as that of Billy Graham, perhaps the most popular evangelist in American history. Graham both warned the nation of the give away they faced due to communism and failing American foreign policy, while also providing them an escape through salvation in Jesus Christ. His combination of religion and public concern set Protestants to action in the effort to save America. His rallies attracted crowds upwards of a half million in the mid-1950s.4Another man offered a much more relaxed message concerning ones role in society in relationship to religion. Norman Vincent Peale, a minister from the Reformed Church of America who pastored a church in New York City, preached to large crowds using psychological, therapeutic, and scriptural elements.5 Peale encouraged people to practice their faith and visualize how they cherished to live their lives in order to achieve their goals. This approach to religion caused many to call him the rich mans Billy Graham.6 H e wrote the book The Power of Positive Thinking, in 1952. Positive thinking eased the minds of Americans who remained uncertain about war with the Soviet Union and the permanence of economic expansion in the states.Catherine Wood Marshall also wrote a book offering realistic insight and moral inspiration. Women were contributing more directly to public life inthe 1950s, and when her husband, minister Peter Marshall, died, she gathered his journals and sermons to publish A Man Called Peter.Not only were women writing religious books, but Post-war America saw women entering the ministry. Women had make up the majority of members in church congregations for centuries, but few denominations had recognized them as leaders before the 50s. Conservative churches limited leadership to book of account studies and social programs, but many major denominations joined the Quakers and Pentecostals in ordaining them as ministers.With an endless reserve of new students and a thriving economy to fa ll sustain on, theological schools flourished. Seminaries and other Bible-based schools saw record enrollment. New faculty was added and new areas of study were introduced into the curriculum. Most of these schools became part of the evangelical enterprise, with traveling ministers or radio broadcasts, the likes of those of the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. These schools sought to guide the church leaders of the future while also creating a positive public attend for evangelism and religious education.With these new advancements in the Protestant and Catholic churches, also came the growth of other religions. A network called the Beat Movement connected young writers who exhibit a care-free, often reckless approach to both literature and religion. They joined small religious communities called ashrams, where Eastern religions, including Hinduism, Daoism, and Zen Buddhism were explored. Meditation and yoga were widely practiced. Like other groups of their time, they used their religious beliefs as a social stance. Their opposition to government policy and their desire to separate themselves from mainstream social activity was somewhat evident in their religious preferences.These movements and individuals of the 1950s have all altered the America in which we live today. One of the most obvious budges that is so often overlooked was the allowance account of the Pledge of Allegiance. In 1954, following a crusade led by the Knights of Columbus,(a Catholic mens society), telling added the words under God. Their desire was for thepledge to serve both as a patriotic oath and a public prayer.7 Politicians, however, argue to this day about the constitutionality of endorsing religion in the nations pledge. Many of these decisions were do before there was substantial concern surrounding the relationship between church and state, and how much each side should be involved in the other.At the same time in Washington, after President Eisenhower was elected, the pra yer room and the prayer breakfast were established in the Capitol building. Then in 1955, with the support of the president, Congress added the words In God We Trust to all paper currency. One year later, the same phrase replaced E Pluribus Unum as the nations official motto. Legislators even began to bring Constitutional amendments that ordered Americans to obey the authority and law of Jesus Christ.The government directly fueled the revival in the 1950s, and the American public fell deeper and deeper into their own interests all the while believing what is good for ones own private interest is good for all,8 as was mentioned to the country by popular Motors Charles E. Wilson. National needs began to fall by the wayside as personal improvement took over top priority in the American household. Still, spiritual renascence was the topic of concern in the minds of the American people.Southern revivalism got a boost with the beginning of the Civil Rights movement. Thousands of black and white Americans alike took part in the movement for justice. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, attended by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., sought to end racial segregation and was fueled by Christian ideals rather than governmental agenda. Dr. King, a Southern Baptist minister, lead the non-violent undertaking, which lead to a polite rights movement that extended well into the 60s and 70s. He urged Americans to stand up for justice, stand up for truth.9Americans felt a sense of moral responsibility in the 1950s. The revival of the decade, if nothing else, proved there was a civil religion in the nation. Most Americans at the time put faith in four basic points. First, the existence of God second, a life to shine third, they would be rewardedfor the good and punished for their sinful actions and lastly, that there was no room for religious intolerance if there was to be peace in the nation.10A change in the religious tone of the country was perhaps most evident in Wash ington. Even the government and its leaders recognized a higher law, and demonstration of their dedication to the fusion of religious principles and democratic ideals is evident still today. They believed that a nation with strong values and beliefs would lead to a responsible social system, a strong sense of patriotism and common ideals around which to base strong communities. Such beliefs created an atmosphere that encouraged religious pluralism and as a result the 1950s saw some of the most rapid spiritual growth in American history to date.

What Causes Conflict Between Adolescents and Their Parents

Introduction Conflicts in the family are usually considered as an unwanted symptom of a problem that need to be actd by family members. 1 In the family relationships, the provoke-adolescent relationship represents an involuntary association, an imbalance of power and resources, and an obligation for the parent to function as caregiver. 2 While the presenting problem with most families is obviously parent-adolescent conflict. Adolescence is a period of increasing parent-child conflict and conflicts are thought to be predominant and common during this burstment phase. In the puberty, Parents have the totally different interpretations of the conflicts against adolescents. Parents nonice the disagreements caused from morality, personal safety and conformity concerns while adolescents consider them as personal choice. 4 This piece of work deals with the question what causes conflict adolescents and their parents. In the first part various issues causing the conflicts in families are introduced. Building upon this, the next chapter concentrates on the analysing the reasons.And a final conclusion of the piece of work is given in the third part. 1. cf Samuel Vuchinich (1999) p. 79 2. Daniel J. Canary,William R. Cupach,Susan J. Messman (1995) p. 52 3. Cf. Lynn H. Turner,Richard L. due west (2006) quoted according to Riesch, Jackson, & Chanchong, (2003) p. 150. 4. Cf. Lynn H. Turner,Richard L. West (2006) quoted according to Smetana (1989) p. 150. 2 Occurrence and Issues of Conflict Owing to that family members share the communal resources and so much time, conflicts are normative and inevitable. As the expressive form, usually family conflicts amid parents and adolescents leave behaved in a variety of ways like whining, complaining, yelling, crying to arguing, screaming and swearing, which ranged from giving up halfway during the chores to quarrelling and even fighting. 6 Those activities are inapplicable in family harmony, every angiotensin converting e nzyme wants to live in a warm and so what should be done is to search for the reasons and then analyse them. The disagreements and conflicts in the midst of parents and teenagers can be many and diverse.Difficulties associated with marital conflict or personal problem of individual family members lead to variable conflicts. 7 Ten chief(prenominal) content categories which lead to conflicts were concluded and be in Table 1 and the percent frequency of each part is given by Table 2. 8 (Tables are given in the Appendix) From these tables one can easily get the conclusion that doing chores, interpersonal relations, regulating activities and personality characteristics lead to conflicts the most frequently, accounting for 18%, 17%, 12% and 12% respectively.In addition, another research indicated that conflicts about chores and interpersonal relationships were more difficult to resolve than those about personal style. 9 5. Cf. Chris Segrin,Jeanne Flora (2005) quoted according to Silla rset al (2004) p. 88 6. Cf. Russell A. Barkley, Christine M. Benton (1998) p. 10. 7 Cf. Arthur L. Robin,Sharon L. bring up (2003) p. 227 8. Megan R. Gunnar,W. Andrew Collins(1988) p. 95. 9. Cf. Lynn H. Turner,Richard L. West (2006) quoted according to Smetana, Yau, & Hanson, (1991) p. 151 On the other hand, parents pay much more attention to adolescents behavioral style, whereas the adolescents considered the restrictions on their interpersonal relationship as the chief issue leading to the conflicts. 10 Analysis the Reason The different values between parents and adolescents actually exist regarding to the flyspeck issues as discussed above and the differences always cause the disagreements. 11 During the adolescence, many adolescents refuse to accept the values and standpoints emerged by their parents.Disagreements related to different values finally develop into intense conflicts when both the two sides can not tolerate the others behaviour any more. 12 Recently, more attemp ts have been tried to exempt the parent-adolescent conflict. The theory of transformation of family patterns of interaction is emphasized. 13 The theory illustrates that several years have been costed for parents and their children to establish an acceptable pattern of interaction, however, during the puberty of period, both the parent-adolescent relationships change because parties evelopment, not just one side14. The adolescents are bound to get changes in both psychological and physical aspects. To be more specific, they begin to 10. Cf. Megan R. Gunnar,W. Andrew Collins (1988) p. 94. 11. Cf. Patricia Noller,Victor J. Callan (1991) p. 49 12. Cf. Clarence J. Mann,Klaus Gotz (2006) p. 110 13 Raymond Montemayor (1983)quoted according to Morton, Alexander, & Altman (1976) p. 84 14 Cf. Daniel J. Canary,William R. Cupach,Susan J. Messman (1995) quoted according to Smetana 4 (1988) p. 60 demand increasingly independence and less(prenominal) restriction.On the same time, they cultivate new cognitions and expectations as getting more contact to the society. 15 For the alteration mentioned, the former balance is certainly to be broken. indeed the whole family members are going to endeavor to learn from their experiences in their patterns of communication , made a decision if they should adopt or change the family models and form an margin of the family system in order to achieve new equilibrium. 16 During this deconstruction and reconstruction 17 procedure poor communication easily brings on conflicts. 15 Cf. Daniel J. Canary, William R. Cupach, Susan J.Messman (1995) p. 59 16 Cf. Peter M. Kellett,Diana (2001) p. 152 17 Cf. Raymond Montemayor (1983)quoted according to Boszormenyi-Nagy (1973) p. 84 5 Conclusion The family are, for most of the adolescents, the communicative context in which they learn how conflict should and should not be done. The conflict permeate everyday communication in family experiences become powerful guideposts for how one can avoid and s olve conflicts throughout ones daily life. Some of the common reasons cited for parent-adolescent conflict are chores, interpersonal relations, regulating activities and personality characteristics.A lack of understanding and empathy between parents and adolescents is likely to disrupt family harmony and lead to conflict. It is easy to conclude that early adolescence is more stressful than late adolescence because parents are establishing new guidelines and parameters regarding to acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Conflicts will not abate until the pubertal maturation and change of relationship are complete, typically by late adolescence. The final result is the eternal change in the relationship that the adolescents are permitted to take participation in family communication as an adult. 18 18 Cf. Anita L. Vangelisti (2004) p. 35 6 Bibliography Samuel Vuchinich (1999) Problem solving in families research and practice Daniel J. Canary, William R. Cupach, Susan J. Messman (1995 ) Relationship conflict Lynn H. Turner,Richard L. West (2006) The family communication sourcebook Chris Segrin,Jeanne Flora (2005) Family communication Russell A. Barkley, Christine M. Benton (1998) Your defiant child 8 steps to better behavior Arthur L. Robin, Sharon L. Foster (2003) Negotiating Parent-Adolescent Conflict A Behavioral-Family Systems Approach Megan R. Gunnar,W. Andrew Collins(1988) Development during the transition to adolescence Patricia Noller,Victor J.Callan (1991) The adolescent in the family Clarence J. Mann,Klaus Gotz (2006) Borderless business managing the far-flung enterprise Raymond Montemayor (1983) Parents and Adolescents in Conflict All Families Some of the season and Some Families Most of the Time Peter M. Kellett,Diana G. Dalton Managing conflict in a negotiated world Anita L. Vangelisti (2004) Handbook of family communication 7 Appendix Table1 Definition of ten main content categories leading to conflicts Table2 percent frequency of ten main content categories leading to conflicts Table 1 8 Table two 9

Manfold Toy Essay

Question 1 Do you see the weft of Directors at Manfold take ons as entirely suitable to an ethical standing? Why?Many relevant corporate governance issues arise regarding the composition of Manfold Toys board of directors. With keep to the main purpose of a board of directors, we need to reflect on whether the elected directors were the best possible re shewatives of stockholders interests. Additionally, we should analyze to what extent were the elected directors eager to carry through their responsibilities/duties. To begin the analysis, we should study the process of directors election to the Companys board. Taking into account that 68% of Manfold Toy stake belonged to Joseph Wan, founder and moderate of the company, he held enough majority to decide on the board composition. The remaining stake was insufficient to refuse Joseph choices. Thus, Joseph choices could not be refused by the other shareholders, up to now if they believed there could be better representatives of th eir interests on the board.According to the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), a global association of investment professionals, Board members owe a province to make decisions based on what ultimately is best for the long-term interests of shareholders. In order to do this effectively, board members need a combination of trio things independency, experience and resources. Manfold Toys board was composed by three INEDs (Independent Non-Executive Directors). These directors should comply with the rules of independence towards the company, so that they are able to effectively perform their duty ensure that the interest of the shareholders are preserved in executives acts. However, if they are dependent in any way to the Company, their decisions and acts will have external undesirable influences. Fred Wong Sau-lim, cardinal of the Companys Independent Non-Executive Directors since 2001, and Chairman of the Audit Committee, was the Director of On Yee Exports since 2000. On Yee Exports had exclusive rights to distribute Manfold Toys products in Australia & New Zealand, which accounted for 17,8% of Manfold Toys sales.According to the independence rules for INEDs (HKEx), Fred could not be a Manfold Toys director due to its crinkle relationship with the company. The Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing (HKEx) state that independence is key to ensure a director behaves fairly and with integrity. Due to its closerelationship with Joseph, Fred was aware of major operational actions that two senior executives were told to take in order to improve the financial statements for the audit. As Chairman of the Audit committee, Fred did not accomplish his role of monitoring the internal governance of the company. Fred should have ensured that the information present on the companys accounts was accurate and reliable (HKEx), making him fail its INED responsibility of advocating shareholders interest (Rosenstein and Wyatt, 1990 Byrd and Hickman, 1992).Fred also violated the fundame ntal doctrines of the Code of Ethics for sea captain Accountants. He was not honest, has he did not disclosed the relevant financial information of the Company. With its position in On Yee Exports, he carried conflict of interest, which disallows him to be aim in its functions. Moreover, he disclosed confidential informationacquired as a result of his professional position in On Yee Exports to Manfold Toys Chairman, violating the principle of confidentiality.Fred was uncorrectly elected, not in the eyes of Joseph, to both of his positions on the board. He was not independent to the company, and thus should have never become part of the Audit Committee. in that location are other directors violating the independence rules and compromising the effective accomplishment of its duties. For instance, Maggie Mok Su-yee, the Chairman of Big Capital, was performing a millionaire consulting work on Manfold Toy for Mitchell & Meyer, the possible in store(predicate) buyer of the first.Furth ermore, Sherona Leung Ka-yi, an Independent Non-Executive Director since 2003, Chairman of the Remuneration Committee and Member of the Audit Committee was the President of charity organization We Care. Joseph was the biggest contributor to its charity organization. This business relationship between Sherona and Joseph violates the independence guidelines as well. Sherona would have incentives to behave in a way that would please Joseph, so that he continues to feed her charity organization.To resolve Non-Executive Directors should be independent to pursue their functions and responsibilities correctly. However, they entailed familiar or businessrelations with Manfold Toy and rules for independence were not respected. Due to the violation of ethical standings in the selection of INEDs , they are not complying with its main duty, the defense of shareholders interests. Thus, the selection of Directors at Manfold Toys is not suitable to the ethical standings.

Gypsum Seting Time

g pic Faculty of engineering Civil engineering section ENCS 314 Building material lab Experiment No. 15&16 Determination of water content used to draw gypsum auditions and the determination of the terminal desktop for gypsum Prepared by Rasha Abed 1031107 Partners Hazem Noman 1060155 Mohammed Hashlamoun 1060173 Ehab Alawi 1051449 Instructor Ms. Randa Al- Asmar Date of experiment 25-03-2008 Date of submitting 01-04-2008 Determination of water content used to prepare standardized gypsum samples and the determination of the final setting for gypsum IntroductionIn civil engineering, gypsum plays a role as a construct material that contributes to many products such as cement and plaster. In this experiment, we investigated some properties considering hardening of gypsum, such as the standard water content and setting succession. Aim of the experiment Determination of the proper water content to prepare gypsum paste samples Determination of the final setting time for gypsum paste . Theory Standard water content amount of water added to gypsum to urinate a paste thatd provide the arrow of Vicats apparatus to descend to a point (30-32) mm above the base of the mold.Setting time of Gypsum the amount of time that passes from the moment of adding water to the gypsum paste (would be already determined) to the moment that Vicats needle would descend to reach 3 mm above the base of the mold. Apparatus Determination of the water content Vicat apparatus remainder Metal tray Graduated cylinder Determination of the setting time for gypsum Vicats apparatus (the pointer is replaced by Vicats needle of 10 mm diameter. Stop watch cognitive process Determination of the water content . A 200 gm sample of gypsum is prepared, and put over a plate, to be added with a specified amount of water. 2. The gypsum is mingled thoroughly with water for 3 minutes, to form a moist paste. 3. A part of the paste is poured in the Vicats mold, until the mold is filled completely with the paste and the egress of the mold is rimmed. 4. Vicats mold is applied on the base of Vicats device. The pointer of the device is adjusted to just touch the surface of the mold, then left to fall freely under the influence of its weight. . The reading of Vicats pointer is taken. This reading indicates the depth that the pointer has reached above the base of the mold. 6. The experiment is repeated victimization a new sample each time until the standard water content is reached (Vicats needle would reach a height of (30-32) mm above the base of the mold. Determination of the setting time for gypsum 1. A 200 gm sample of gypsum is prepared. The amount of water determined in the previous experiment is added to the sample. 2.The gypsum is mixed thoroughly with water for 3 minutes, to form a moist paste, and then part of the paste is poured in the Vicats mold, until the mold is filled completely with the paste and the surface of the mold is rimmed. 3. Vicats mold is applied on t he base of Vicats device. The needle of the device is adjusted to just touch the surface of the mold, then left to fall freely under the influence of its weight. 4. The reading of the devices pointer is taken, until we reach a reading of 3mm. 5. The time needed for the needle of the device would descend to a height of 3mm above the base of the mold is recorded using a stop watch.Data and calculations measured depth The amount Trial no. from the base (mm) of added water (%) 39 48 1 34 49 2 35 48. 3 32 50 4 50 Standard water content (%) 4. 16 setting time (minutes) ConclusionAs we weed see from the results, the standard water content needed to prepare a standard gypsum paste = 50%, and we obtained a setting time = 4. 16, which compared to other building materials considered quick hardening. This advantage increases the role of gypsum as a component in Portland cement and plaster industry. 1 Engineering use Gypsum is considered very valuable from the economical and industr ial side, since it can be found a lot in nature. It can be used to manufacture plaster moldings (ceramic industry and engineering industry).Also gypsum plays apart in cement industry (for example Gypsum cement and Portland cement). Many new techniques have been developed get benefit from gypsum and Portland cement. these techniques uses both the advantages of gypsum (early hardening, high early strength, enhanced workability) and Portland cement (improved durability in moist conditions), but are free of the deleterious effect of ettringite and thaumasite, which are formed when gypsum and Portland cement interact. Such properties enhance the workability of cement. 23References 1 http//www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL=B6V2G-4BRRGD8-2=10=1==search=d=c=C000050221=1=0=10=4e71cbde7aba9b4d1338fea79920ab39 2 http//www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL=B6TWG-40GRJTP-7=10=1==search=d=c=C000050221=1=0=10=5c7ed60e8eed63f2ad9c9a5412b00080 3 http//www. apitco. org/Profile s/Gypsum%20based%20building%20materials. pdf